Nigute ushobora kwerekana API 6A Wellhead nibikoresho bya Noheri

Wellhead and Christmas Tree (X-mas Tree)

A iriba hamwe nigiti cya Noheripaki ntabwo yatoranijwe mukigereranyo cyonyine. Mu mishinga yo mumurima, ibisobanuro mubisanzwe bigomba guhuza neza nuburyo bwiza, ibidukikije byamazi, gahunda yo guhuza, n'inzira yo kwemererwa isabwa na nyir'ugukora cyangwa EPC. API 6A ninganda nyamukuru isobanura ibi bikoresho umuryango, gutwikiraAPI 6Ibikoresho byiza nibikoresho bya Noherikimwe na flanged end na outlet ihuza ikoreshwa kuva2000 psi kugeza 20.000 psintarengwa cyo gukora akazi. Igiti cya Noheri ubwacyo ni iteraniro rya valve, ibinono, ibipimo, na chokes byashyizwe ku iriba kugirango bigenzure umusaruro.

Umurongo nka"API 6A igiti cya Noheri, 5,000 psi"irashobora kugaragara yuzuye mubibazo, ariko mubihe byinshi ntibihagije kubikorwa nyabyo. Irerekana ibikoresho muri rusange, ariko ntabwo isobanura serivisi zuzuye zisabwa kugenzura ibishushanyo mbonera, gusubiramo inyandiko, cyangwa kwemezwa burundu. Mubikorwa nyabyo bya RFQ no kohereza, ingingo zabuze mubisanzwe zigaruka vuba:icyiciro cyumuvuduko, icyiciro cyubushyuhe, icyiciro cyibikoresho, PSL, PR, ubwoko bwihuza, nuburyo serivisi imeze. Niyo mpamvu API ikoresha amakuru - uburyo bw'urupapuro. Ikibazo cyingenzi ntabwo ari ukwita izina ibicuruzwa gusa, ahubwo ni ugusobanura neza bihagije kugirango bisuzumwe tekinike kandi bisohore.

Kuki ibisobanuro bituzuye bitera gutinda

Iyo iki gicuruzwa gisubiwemo neza, ubusanzwe ikiganiro kigenda vuba cyane kuva "igitutu nikihe?" kuri "serivisi nyayo imeze ite?" Ibyo ni ukubera ko paki yamashanyarazi ari igice cyumuvuduko - inzira yo kugenzura gucukura, kurangiza, kubyara, no gutabara. Niba dosiye ya tekiniki ituzuye, ibisobanuro mubisanzwe bigaruka kumpamvu imwe:

Ikintu cyihariye	Ibikenewe kwemezwa	Impamvu Bitera Gutinda
Icyiciro cy'ingutu	Ikigereranyo cyakazi	Icyiciro cyatoranijwe ntigishobora guhuza ibahasha ikora cyangwa gufunga - mumiterere.
Icyiciro cy'ubushyuhe	Ubushyuhe buke bwibidukikije hamwe n’amazi ntarengwa - ubushyuhe bwo guhura	Ibikoresho no gufunga ntibishobora kwemezwa hatabayeho ubushyuhe bukwiye.
Icyiciro cyibikoresho	Serivise rusange cyangwa serivisi isabwa	Uburemere bwa serivisi no kwangirika - ibisabwa bijyanye bigomba guhuza ibidukikije neza.
PSL	Ibisabwa Ibicuruzwa bisabwa Urwego	Gukora no kugenzura ubujyakuzimu ntibishobora guhuzwa niba PSL isigaye idasobanutse.
PR	Urwego rusabwa	Impamyabushobozi yo gushushanya ntishobora guhuza inzira yo kwemeza umushinga niba PR idasobanutse.
Ingano nini nubwoko bwihuza	Nominal bore, hejuru no hepfo ibisobanuro birambuye	Bikwiranye - hejuru, guhuza interineti, hamwe no guhuza ibikoresho bishobora kuguma bitazwi neza.
Amazi ya serivisi	Amavuta, gaze, gutera amazi, kuvanga amazi, cyangwa ubundi buryo	Umuvuduko - kugenzura ibikoresho byatoranijwe biterwa na serivise nyayo.
Imiterere ya serivisi nziza	H2S - imiterere nuburemere	Ibikoresho bikwiye ntibishobora kugenzurwa neza niba isoko - imiterere ya serivisi idasobanuwe.
Kuniga cyangwa gukora ibisabwa	Ibiganza cyangwa ibikorwa byakozwe, kuniga gahunda	Uburyo bwo kugenzura hamwe nubunini bwa pake birashobora gukenera gusubirwamo nyuma.
Kugenzura no gupakira inyandiko	Kugenzura igipimo cyo kurekura hamwe nibisabwa	Kurekura ibicuruzwa, icya gatatu - kugenzura amashyaka, no kwemeza burundu birashobora gutinda niba ibyangombwa bisabwa bituzuye.

Niyo mpamvu kandi RFQs ngufi akenshi igaragara vuba mugitangira ariko igatinda nyuma mugihe cyo gusuzuma tekinike no kubyemeza.

Core API 6A imirima igomba gusobanurwa hakiri kare

Ingingo	Icyo igenzura	Impamvu bifite akamaro mumushinga
Icyiciro cy'ingutu	Ikigereranyo cyakazi	Ugomba guhuza ibahasha ikora hanyuma ugafunga - mumiterere
Icyiciro cy'ubushyuhe	Ibidukikije byibuze n'amazi - guhuza ubushyuhe ntarengwa	Ihindura ibintu hamwe na kashe ikwiranye
Icyiciro cyibikoresho	Uburemere bwa serivisi, harimo serivisi rusange cyangwa isharira	Bifitanye isano itaziguye n'ibidukikije hamwe n'ingaruka zo kwangirika
PSL	Urwego rwerekana ibicuruzwa	Irasobanura gukora no kugenzura ubujyakuzimu
PR	Ibisabwa	Erekana uburyo igishushanyo cyari imikorere - yujuje ibisabwa

Imiterere yavuzwe haruguru ikurikira logique ikoreshwa muri API 6A yo kugura aho kuba ibisobanuro byoroshye bya catalog.

Icyiciro cy'ingutuigomba kwerekana imiterere nyayo

API 6A amanota yingutu arimo2000, 3.000, 5.000, 10,000, 15,000, na 20.000 psi. Urwo rutonde rworoshye ku mpapuro, ariko guhitamo umushinga ntabwo ari ikibazo cyo guhitamo umubare umwe wakoreshejwe kurutonde rwambere. Ubuyobozi bwa API bugura bwerekana ibahasha ya serivisi nyirizina, harimo umuvuduko mwinshi wo gukora hamwe nu riba riteganijwe gufunga - mu gitutu, nkigice cyo gutumiza.

Ikibazo gifatika kigaragara mugihe igitutu cyicyiciro cyatoranijwe gusa kumurongo wo hasi cyangwa hejuru yububiko mugihe iriba ubwaryo risaba byinshi. Urugero:

igikoresho cyo gutemba gishobora kuba5.000 psi
gufunga - mugihe bishobora kuba hejuru
ejo hazaza gushishikara cyangwa guhindura serivisi birashobora kongera ibisabwa
itsinda ryabemerewe rishobora gusaba marike ihujwe nubusobanuro bwibikorwa

Muri icyo gihe, ibikoresho birashobora gusobanurwa nka "API 6A," ariko icyiciro cyatoranijwe ntigishobora kurokoka tekiniki niba kidahagarariye urubanza nyarwo. Niyo mpamvuicyiciro cy'ingutubigomba gushyirwaho uhereye kumiterere yambere, ntabwo biva mubirango bisanzwe byubucuruzi.

API 6A wellhead and Christmas tree assembly for oil and gas production High-pressure Christmas tree valve system meeting API 6A standard Oilfield wellhead and Xmas tree assembly controlling well pressure and flow

Icyiciro cy'ubushyuheBikunze kubura hakiri kare

Munsi ya API 6A, icyiciro cy'ubushyuhe gihujwe naubushyuhe bwo hasi cyaneibikoresho birashobora kubona naubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwamazi ahura nibikoresho. Ibyiciro bizwi birimoK, L, N, P, S, T, U, V, X, na Y.. Kurugero, ubuyobozi bwo kugura bwerekanaIcyiciro P.nka-20 dogere F kugeza kuri dogere 180 F.naIcyiciro U.nka0 dogere F kugeza kuri dogere 250 F..

Iyi ngingo iba ingirakamaro mumadosiye yimishinga nyayo kuruta uko yagaragaye bwa mbere. Igiti gikoreshwa kumasoko ashyushye, ubukonje - ikirere kiri ku nkombe, cyangwa imiterere ya serivise hamwe nubushyuhe bwagutse burashobora gusaba ibyemezo bitandukanye kuri elastomers, imyitwarire ya kashe, hamwe nibikoresho bikwiye. Niba RFQ ivuga gusa igitutu na bore nominal, ikibazo cyicyiciro cyubushyuhe gikunze kugaruka nyuma uko byagenda kose.

Urutonde rworoshye rwo kugenzura kuri uyu murima ni:

byibuze urubuga rwibidukikije
ubushyuhe bwinshi butemba
niba ufunze - muburyo bwo gutangira ibintu bitandukanye mubintu
niba umushinga utondekanya amazina icyiciro gikenewe muburyo butaziguye

Ibyo ni byiza cyane kuruta gusiga icyiciro cy'ubushyuhe gifunguye no gutegereza ko ari "bisanzwe".

Icyiciro cyibikoreshoniho serivisi isharira itangira kubyingenzi

API 6A ubuyobozi bwo kugura butandukanya rusange - serivisi hamwe nisoko - ibyiciro bya serivisi. Mu buryo bworoshye,AA, BB, na CCzikoreshwa muri serivisi rusange, mugiheDD, EE, FF, na HHBihambiriweserivisi ishariraibisabwa na NACE - ibisabwa bihujwe. Ayobora kandi yanditseIcyiciro cyibikoresho ZZkuri porogaramu zimwe zisharira hanze yimipaka isanzwe ya NACE, hamwe nisuzuma ryabaguzi hamwe namakuru akurikiranwa asabwa.

Aha ni hamwe mu hantu h'ingenzi amagambo agomba kuba asobanutse. Umurongo nka "kuri serivisi isharira" ntabwo buri gihe uhagije wenyine. Igitabo cyo kugura cyerekana ibintu birimo:

H2S igitutu cyigice
pH
kwibanda kuri chloride
ogisijeni cyangwa okiside
ubushyuhe
guhangayika
igihe cyo kwerekana

Ikibazo nyacyo rero ntabwo ari ukumenya niba serivisi isharira ivugwa. Ikibazo nyacyo ni ukumenya nibaibidukikije bya serivisi byasobanuwe neza bihagijeKuri Gushyigikiraicyiciro cyibikoresho.

PSLntabwo ari urutonde rwo kuzamura

PSLbisobanuraUrwego Kugaragaza Ibicuruzwa Urwego. Bifitanye isano nuburyo bwimbitse bwo gukora no kugenzura bigomba kugenda kugirango serivisi itangwe. Igitabo cyo kugura API gitanga byibuze PSL ibisabwa hashingiwe ku gipimo cy’ingutu hamwe n’ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru. Kurugero, rusange rusange - serivisi ihuza kuri10,000 psibisaba byibuzePSL 2, mugihe birenze urugero - serivisi ihuza kuri15,000 psikwimuka byibuzePSL 3, hamwe na - amasomo ya serivisi arashobora kugeraPSL 4.

Ibyo bivuzePSLntigomba gufatwa nkumugereka wo gushushanya. Mubikorwa bifatika byumushinga, bigira ingaruka:

urwego rwo kugenzura inganda ziteganijwe
urugero rwo kugenzura no kwandika
uburyo ibikoresho byemewe nishyaka risubiramo
niba paki yavuzwe ihuye rwose nurubanza

Niba RFQ igendaPSLubusa mugihe serivisi isigaye imeze nabi, ibisobanuro bisobanutse neza bizagaruka nyuma.

PRni ibyerekeranye no kwemeza, ntabwo ari izina ryanditse gusa

PRiIbisabwa. Igitabo cyo kugura inyandiko ya 21 iragaragazaPR1, PR2, naPR2F, hamwe naPR2Fihujwe n'imikorere ya Annex F. Ubuyobozi bumwe bwerekana ko iyo igishushanyo kimaze guhinduka muburyo bugira ingaruka, imiterere, imikorere, cyangwa ibikoresho, bifatwa nkigishushanyo gishya kandi gisaba kugenzura imikorere.

Ibi biba ingenzi cyane mugihe inyandiko zumushinga zirimo gusubirwamo. Ikibazo nyacyo ntabwo ari ukumenya niba ibikoresho "bikozwe muri API 6A." Ikibazo cyingenzi ni ukumenya niba ibishushanyo mbonera bitangwa byujuje ibisabwa kuriPRurwego rusabwa kumushinga.

Kubera iyo mpamvu,PR2akenshi yakira cyane imishinga hamwe na:

gusubiramo ibikorwa
byinshi bisaba umusaruro
ingaruka zo hejuru zo guhagarika
kugenzura inyandiko

Ijambo rishobora kugaragara rito muri datasheet, ariko rirashobora gutwara uburemere bwinshi bwo kwemerwa.

Imiterere ifatika ya RFQ

Aho kugirango umurongo umwe - ibisobanuro, paketi ikomeye yo kubaza igomba kwemeza ingingo zikurikira:

Icyiciro	Ingingo ya RFQ	Ni iki kigomba gusobanurwa
Shingiro	Bisanzwe	API 6A
Urutonde	Icyiciro cy'ingutu	Ibisabwa byapimwe byakazi
Urutonde	Icyiciro cy'ubushyuhe	Ubushyuhe buke bwibidukikije hamwe n’amazi ntarengwa - ubushyuhe bwo guhura
Ibikoresho & Serivisi	Icyiciro cyibikoresho	Serivise rusange cyangwa serivisi isabwa
Ibikoresho & Serivisi	Uburyo bwa serivisi	Amavuta, gaze, gutera amazi, cyangwa serivisi ivanze
Ibikoresho & Serivisi	Sour cyangwa non - imiterere ikarishye	H2S - imiterere ya serivisi nuburemere
Urwego rwiza	PSL	Ibisabwa Ibicuruzwa bisabwa Urwego
Urwego rwiza	PR	Urwego rusabwa
Iboneza	Nominal bore	Ubunini bwibanze bwibikoresho
Iboneza	Ubwoko bwo hejuru no hepfo	Ingano yo guhuza hamwe nubwoko bwa sisitemu ihuye
Igenzura	Ubwoko bwa Choke / actuator ibisabwa / kugenzura ibikenewe	Intoki cyangwa ibikorwa byimikorere no kugenzura gahunda
Kugenzura & Inyandiko	Igisabwa gisabwa kurekurwa hamwe ninyandiko	Ingano yubugenzuzi, ibyemezo, nibisabwa byo gutanga inyandiko

Ibi bihuye nuburyo bwo kugura API, bukoresha impapuro zamakuru kugirango zigabanye kudahuza imiterere ya serivisi nibikoresho byateganijwe.

Umwanzuro

KugaragazaAPI 6Ibikoresho byiza nibikoresho bya Noherineza, iperereza rigomba gukora ibirenze kuvuga igipimo cyumuvuduko nubunini bwizina. Ibisobanuro bifatika bigomba gusobanura nezaicyiciro cy'ingutu, icyiciro cy'ubushyuhe, icyiciro cyibikoresho, PSL, PR, nominal bore, Ubwoko bwihuza, serivisi ya serivisi, gusharira cyangwa kutari - imiterere ikarishye, na Icyo ari cyo cyosekuniga, gukora, kugenzura, hamwe nibisabwa. Iyo izi ngingo zemejwe muri RFQ cyangwa urupapuro rwamakuru, ibikoresho birashobora guhuzwa neza nuburyo bwiza bwifashe neza, ibisobanuro bya tekiniki birashobora kugabanuka, kandi kwemeza umushinga birashobora kugenda neza. Muyandi magambo, ibisobanuro nyabyo munsi ya API 6A bisobanura gusobanura serivisi yuzuye nibisabwa byemewe bihagije kugirango hemezwe ibishushanyo mbonera, kugenzura inganda, igenamigambi, no gusohora inyandiko zanyuma.

Menyesha nonaha

Ibibazo

01.Ni ayahe makuru ntarengwa asabwa mu iriba rya API 6A no ku giti cya Noheri RFQ?

Nibura, RFQ igomba gusobanuraicyiciro cyumuvuduko, icyiciro cyubushyuhe, icyiciro cyibikoresho, PSL, PR, bore nominal, ubwoko bwihuza, serivise ya serivise, isharira cyangwa itari - imiterere ikaze, hamwe nibisabwa / igipimo cyagenzuwe. Hatariho izi ngingo, ibisobanuro bya tekiniki mubisanzwe bigaruka nyuma.

02.Ni gute nahitamo icyiciro gikwiye cyibikoresho bya serivise nziza hamwe nibikoresho bya Noheri?

Nibyoicyiciro cyibikoreshobiterwa na serivisi nyayo yibidukikije, cyane cyaneImiterere ya H2S, ubushyuhe, urwego rwa chloride, nuburemere bwa ruswa. "Sour service" yonyine ntabwo isanzwe ihagije kugirango yemererwe cyangwa ibyemejwe.

03.Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya PSL na PR muri API 6A?

PSLisobanura urwego rukenewe rwo gukora no kugenzura, mugihePRasobanura urwego rwakwemeza imikorereKuri Igishushanyo. Mumagambo yoroshye, PSL yerekeranye nubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa, na PR bijyanye nigishushanyo mbonera cyagaragaye.

04.Kuki igipimo cyumuvuduko cyonyine kidahagije mugihe ugaragaza igiti cya Noheri?

Kuberako ibikoresho bigomba guhuza naserivisi yuzuye, ntabwo ari umubare umwe gusa. Ibisobanuro nyabyo nabyo birakeneweicyiciro cy'ubushyuhe, icyiciro cyibikoresho, bore, amasano, hamwe nibidukikijekwirinda kudahuza mugihe cyo gusuzuma no kwemeza umushinga.

05.Ni izihe nyandiko zisabwa kugira ngo API 6A iriba ryiza kandi ryemeze igiti cya Noheri?

Ibisabwa bisanzwe birimoibyemezo byibikoresho, inyandiko zubugenzuzi, inyandiko zipimisha igitutu, raporo zingana, inyandiko zerekana, hamwe numushinga - ibyangombwa byo gusohora. Ipaki nyayo iterwa nibisabwaPSL, PR, urwego rwo kugenzura, nuburyo bwo kwemeza umushinga.