Incamake y'ibikoresho
ASTM A335 Icyiciro cya P5 ni chromium ferritic - molybdenum alloy ibyuma bigenewe kuzamuka - ubushyuhe n’umuvuduko -. Hamwe na chromium iri hagati ya 4-6% na molybdenum hafi 0.45–0,65%, P5 itanga urufatiro rwingirakamaro rwo kurwanya okiside, imbaraga zinyerera, hamwe no gusudira. Ibi bituma uhitamo neza kumirongo itetse hamwe na parike, imiyoboro itunganya inganda, ivugurura n'imirongo ishyushye aho ibyuma bya karubone byapima vuba cyangwa gutakaza imbaraga. Iyo itanzwe muburyo busanzwe kandi bwitondewe, P5 igumana ituze ryikigereranyo hamwe nubwizerwe bwa mashini mugihe kirekire.
Ibigize imiti (bisanzwe,%)
| Ikintu | Ibirimo (%) | Imikorere |
|---|---|---|
| Carbone (C) | Ntibiri munsi cyangwa bingana na 0.15 | Itanga imbaraga, ikomeza kuba hasi yo gusudira |
| Manganese (Mn) | 0.30–0.60 | Deoxidation, itezimbere imikorere ishyushye |
| Silicon (Si) | 0.50–1.00 | Gushyigikira kurwanya okiside |
| Chromium (Cr) | 4.00–6.00 | Hejuru - gupima ubushyuhe no kurwanya ruswa |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | 0.45–0.65 | Kuzunguruka no guturika imbaraga |
| Fosifore (P) | Ntabwo ari munsi cyangwa bingana na 0.025 | Ikomeza gukomera |
| Amazi (S) | Ntabwo ari munsi cyangwa bingana na 0.025 | Kuringaniza imashini / gukomera |
| Nickel (Ni) | Ntabwo ari munsi cyangwa bingana na 0.50 | Gukomera birenze mubitangazamakuru bimwe |
| Umuringa (Cu) | Ntibiri munsi cyangwa bingana na 0.40 | Kurinda okiside |
| V, Nb | Ntabwo ari munsi cyangwa bingana na 0.02 buri umwe | Kunonosora ibinyampeke, gutembera neza |
Iyi ntera iringaniye iri munsi ya P22 / P91, biroroshye rero gusudira no kuri PWHT, ariko iracyatanga uburyo bwiza bwo kugenzura okiside kurenza amanota - Cr.
Ibikoresho bya mashini
| Umutungo | Ibisabwa | Intego |
|---|---|---|
| Imbaraga zingana | Biruta cyangwa bingana na 415 MPa (60 ksi) | Irwanya kuvunika munsi yumutwaro |
| Tanga imbaraga | Kurenza cyangwa bingana na 205 MPa (30 ksi) | Irwanya ihinduka rihoraho |
| Kurambura | Kurenza cyangwa bingana na 30% | Emerera gukora no guhimba |
| Gukomera | Ntabwo ari munsi cyangwa bingana na 163 HBW | Komeza gukomera no guhuza weld |
Indangagaciro zihuye nibisanzwe - na - imiterere yo gutanga ibisabwa isabwa na ASTM A335.
Gukora no kuvura ubushyuhe
P5 igomba kubyazwa umusaruro no gushyushya - byafashwe neza kugirango ubone igihe kirekire - mikorere yubushyuhe. Umuyoboro wa Octal ukoresha inzira idafite aho itangirira kuva Cr - Mo bilet. Bilet zirashyuha kandi zigatoborwa kugirango zibe umwobo, hanyuma zishyushye - kuzunguruka cyangwa imbeho - zishushanyije kuri diametre yatumijwe hanze nubugari bwurukuta. Nyuma yo gukora, imiyoboro isanzwe kuri dogere 900-950 kugirango itunganyirize materique ferritic, gushonga karbide imwe - no gukuraho imihangayiko. Intambwe ikurikiraho kuri dogere 675-750 igarura ihindagurika kandi ikosora imiterere ihamye ya ferrite - karbide. Izi ebyiri - icyiciro cyumuriro nicyo gitanga P5 kurwanya imbaraga zayo hamwe na okiside itajegajega muri serivisi.
Nyuma yo kuvura ubushyuhe, buri muyoboro ukorerwa ibizamini bya hydrostatike, igenzurwa ryikigereranyo hamwe na - isuzuma ryangiza (ultrasonic cyangwa eddy current nkuko byateganijwe). Imiyoboro itangwa muburyo busanzwe kandi bwubushyuhe hamwe nubushyuhe bwuzuye (EN 10204 3.1 cyangwa 3.2), nibyingenzi mumishinga yingufu ninganda.
Urwego
| Parameter | Urwego / Ibisobanuro |
|---|---|
| Hanze ya Diameter | 12,7-610 mm (½ - 24 muri) |
| Uburebure bw'urukuta | 1,2-100 mm, inc. SCH 10 - SCH 160 |
| Uburebure | Kugera kuri m 12 (SRL / DRL / gukata - kugeza - uburebure) |
| Ubwoko bwanyuma | Beveled yo gusudira cyangwa impera isanzwe |
| Ubworoherane bwa OD | Mubisanzwe ± 1% (kuri ASTM A999 cyangwa amasezerano) |
| WT Kwihanganirana | Mubisanzwe ± 10% |
| Kugororoka | Mubisanzwe Bitarenze cyangwa bingana na 0.8 mm kuri m |
Uru rutonde rurimo ibice byombi - bore imirongo yumurongo hamwe ninganda nini nini / gutunganya imitwe.
Hejuru - Imikorere y'Ubushyuhe
Ku bushyuhe bwa serivisi bugera kuri dogere 565 (dogere 1050 F), P5 ikora chromium yuzuye {{3} ox oxyde ikungahaye itinda gupima no gutakaza ibyuma. Kuberako molybdenum ikomeza matrix ferritic, deform de creep igenda gahoro gahoro kuruta mubyuma bya karubone. Microstructure yubushyuhe nayo ifasha kurwanya gusiganwa ku magare no kwangirika kwubuso, bityo ubuso bwo kohereza ubushyuhe hamwe nubunini bwurukuta bikomeza guhanurwa mugihe cyo kugenzura. Kubisabwa bisaba ubushyuhe bwinshi cyangwa guhangayikishwa cyane, injeniyeri zirashobora kwimukira kuri P11 cyangwa P22, ariko kuri okiside - zikomeye, hagati - serivisi yubushyuhe, P5 akenshi ni ikiguzi - guhitamo neza.
Porogaramu
Sisitemu y'ingufu na boiler: imirongo yumuriro, imitwe ya boiler, superheater hamwe na coheater coil mumashanyarazi yo hagati
Ibice bitunganyirizwa na peteroli: itanura nivugurura imiyoboro, imirongo ishyushye, imirongo yumuriro nubutabazi
Ibimera nifumbire mvaruganda: hejuru - guhanahana ubushyuhe, reaction hamwe nibikorwa byinshi
Ibikoresho byo gutunganya peteroli na gazi: gutera inshinge n'imirongo ishyushye aho Cr - Mo yerekanwe
Kugereranya na Rusange Cr - Mo amanota
| Icyiciro | Cr (%) | Mo (%) | Uburyo busanzwe bwa serivisi |
|---|---|---|---|
| P5 | 4.0–6.0 | 0.45–0.65 | Kurwanya okiside nziza kurwego rwo hagati - ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, gusudira neza |
| P11 | ~1–1.5 | ~0.5 | Umuyoboro rusange / gutekesha aho imbaraga ningaruka bigomba kuringanizwa |
| P22 | ~2–2.5 | ~1 | Ibihe bishyushye cyane / reheater ikenera gukurura hejuru / guturika |
Ibi bifasha abajenjeri b'imishinga guhitamo ibishishwa bikwiye mugihe amanota menshi ya ASTM A335 yemerewe.
Kugenzura no Kwipimisha
Umuyoboro wa Octal ukora ibizamini ukurikije ASTM A335 na ASTM A999 ibisabwa. Ibi birimo ibizamini bya hydrostatike, NDT yumubiri wumuyoboro nimpera, kugenzura uburakari no gukomera, hamwe no kugerageza / gutwika ibizamini kugirango hemezwe guhindagurika. Igeragezwa cyangwa radiografi irashobora kwongerwaho mugihe umushinga uguhamagarira icyiciro cyo hejuru. Ibisubizo byose byikizamini byegeranijwe mubyemezo byikizamini kandi imiyoboro irangwa kugirango imenyekane byuzuye.
Impamvu Umuyoboro wa Octal
Gutanga ASTM / ASME A335 P5 umuyoboro udafite uburinganire muburyo busanzwe kandi bwitondewe
Inyandiko zuzuye, ubukanishi na NDT inyandiko zikwiranye ningufu, inganda ninganda
Kwohereza hanze - gupakira, kurinda no gushira ikimenyetso
Ubushobozi bwo gutanga amanota yegeranye (P11, P22) kumiyoboro hamwe na sisitemu yo guteka hamwe nubushyuhe butandukanye
Ibirimo nibisobanuro byanditse mubicuruzwa - ubanza, uburyo bwa tekiniki bukwiranye no gutangaza urubuga no kwerekana ibimenyetso
Ibibazo
Q1: Umuyoboro wa ASTM A335 P5 ukoreshwa iki?
Q2: "5Cr-0.5Mo" bisobanura iki kumuyoboro wa P5 chrome moly?
Q3: Umuyoboro wo gusudira - ni uwuhe uhwanye na ASTM A335 P5?
Q4: Nigute nahitamo P5 vs P9 vs P11 vs P22?
Impamyabumenyi
Icyemezo cya CE
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